APATH/APISTIA: OTAN MPENEI TRITOS STHN SXESH

• Gia poion logo telika to atomo odhgeitai sthn apofash tou na apathsei to suntrofiko tou atomo?

• Poies einai oi poio sunh8hsmenes antidraseis?

• Se poies "periptwseis" diakrinetai?

[Ena epeishs melanotato shmeio sthn istoria ths sxeshs enos zeugariou me polla aneksighta "giati". Parola auta den xarakthrizontai ola ta atoma apo omoiomorfia xarakthra, alla anti8etws apo diaforetikothta antilhpsewn. Sunepws, diakrinetai mia poikilomorfia oson afora to meizon 8ema ths apistias...]

• Gegonos anantirrhto 8ewreitai to oti to atomo to opoio apataei to suntrofiko tou atomo exei plhrh epignwsh tou ti kanei, ektos apo meroikes eksaireseis. Omws, uparxoun poikila aitia pou mporoun na katasthsoun ena atomo sthn anagkh tou na apathsei to suntrofo tou. Meroika apo auta einai:

1. Taseis katwterothtas tou 8uth kai apodeiksh tou anti8etou sto 8uma, mesw ths apistias.
2. Tash provolhs kai epideikshs tou atomou ston koinwniko kai ston filiko periguro.
3. Anagkh gia eksereunhsh kai anakalupsh newn empeiriwn.
4. Ripsokundhnos xarakthras atomou.
5. Tash gia euresh neou suntrofou me dokimes.
6. Xarakthras atomou-kliseis pros thn pragmatopoihsh efhmerwn, proswrinwn sxesewn.
7. Psuxikh katastash-ekdikhtikes h' apogohteutikes, kata8liptikes taseis.
8. Swmatikh katastash (p.x. me8usi).

• H apistia, apo thn meria tou 8uth den 8ewreitai idiaitera katastrofiko kai epwduno gegonos. 8a mporousame na upostiriksoume me apoluth sigouria pws sumbainei to anti8eto. Parola auta, den sumbainei panta to idio kai apo thn meria tou 8umatos, to opoio tis perissoteres fores plummhrizetai apo dusaresta sunais8hmata, alla uparxoun aksioshmeiwtes periptwseis opou kuriarxei h apa8eia sthn maxh twn sunais8hmatwn tou. Einai gegonos anamfisvhtito, to opoio prepei na lavoume up'opshn mas kata thn katagrafh twn sunh8esterwn antidrasewn, oti h antidrash eksartatai ka8oristika apo ton xarakthra toso tou 8uth, oso kai tou 8umatos. Oi pio diadedomenes kai gnwstes antidraseis twn 8umatwn ths apistias einai oi ekshs:

1. 8umos, apogohteush, kata8lipsh (8ewreitai dikaiologimena h pio sunh8eis kai diadedomenh antidrash ka8e sxedon 8umatos. Se spanioteres alla eksisou shmantikes periptwseis, sunodeuetai kai apo autokatastrofikes taseis (autoktonia), otan to desimo tou 8umatos me to 8uma eixe 8ewri8ei apoluto. Pi8anon na parathrh8oun kai entones taseis gia beltiwsh tou 8umatos, toso se ekswterikh oso kai se eswterikh emfanish. Ta atoma pou anoikoun se auth thn omada antidrashs niw8oun apoluth kai uperanagkaia thn anagkh desmeushs kai sta8erhs sxeshs kai opws einai katanohto, upokeinte mona tous se periorismous, opou ta idia epivalloun ston eauto tous.. Auth h antidrash endexetai epeishs na odhgeisei kai se proswrinh h' monimh apa8eia-sunais8hmatikh anais8hsia. Alla sunais8hmata pou isws sunodeusoun auth thn antidrash, ektos apo ta proanafer8hsanta, einai kai to misos, h apaix8eia kai o eksorgismos.)
2. Apa8eia, adiaforia, anais8hsia (eksairetika spania antidrash, h opoia den sunantatai toso sta 8umata oso stous 8utes ths apistias. (Ta atoma auta eite e8elotufloun, adiaforoun dhladh eskemmena me skopo na deiksoun oti den ephreazontai idiaitera apo to gegonos kai anaduoun to sunais8hma tou "anwterou", tou "nikhth", eite den niazontai, apaksioun gia to gegonos, eite giati to 8ewroun pleon sunh8h katastash, eite epeidh anoikoun se mia eleu8erh sxesh, eite apla epeidh dia8etoun pio apeleu8eromeno kai fileleu8ero xarakthra kai den niw8oun thn anagkh kai thn shmasia ths desmeushs. Pio spania einai h tash gia beltiwsh ths ekswterikhs kai ths eswterikhs emfanishs. Auta ta atoma den 8ewroun thn apistia moiraio gia thn sxesh paraptwma, alla aplws ena "parapathma", ena la8os, to opoio kalountai na prosperasoun adiafora, xwris kapoio proswpiko psuxologiko kostos. Antidraseis tupou kata8lipshs h' autokatastrofhs 8ewrountai ka8ara upervolikes apo auta. Sunais8hmata pou isws proklh8oun se auth thn omada einai h dusareskia kai h apaksiwsh.)

• Oso aksioperiego kai an akougetai, eimaste se 8esh na diaxwrisoume kai na taksinomhsoume thn apistia. Duo einai oi megaluteres omades, oi opoies einai eksisou diadedomenes. O diaxwrismos eksartatai ka8ara apo to poso xrono o 8uths apatouse to 8uma, opws epeishs kai to poses fores exei apathsei o 8uths to 8uma. Oi logoi oi opoioi ekanan to 8uth na apathsei to 8uma 8ewrountai amileitaioi kai den ephreazoun ton diaxwrismo auto. Oi duo megales omades ths apistias einai oi parakatw:

1. Susthmatikh-sunexeis apistia (To atomo, gia apokleistika proswpikous tou logous, den einai pisto se ena mono atomo, alla sunaptei sxeseis, eite platwnikes eite oloklhrwmenes me polla atoma, tautoxronws. Den exei sunais8hsh twn epiptwsewn, apla kanei o,ti tou upagoreuoun oi arxes kai o xarakthras tou. Einai atomo ths logikhs.)
2. Efhmerh-proswrinh apistia (To atomo den sunh8izei na apataei to suntrofiko tou atomo. Parola auta, gia epeishs proswpikous tou logous, apataei to suntrofiko tou. Den to kanei kata surroh, alla tuxaia kai oxi me sunexeis taseis. Endexetai na niwsei tupseis kai enoxes, afou h apistia den apotelei stoixeio tou xarakthra tou. Einai atomo sunais8hmatiko.)