DIAXRONIKA ERWTIMATA & APANTHSEIS_BA8USTOXASTH FILOSOFIKH 8EWRISH

• Exete anarwth8ei pote giati ta atoma ston koinoniko sas periguro sunaptoun sxeseis kai desmeuontai? Poioi paragontes ka8orizoun tis dikes mas diaproswpikes erwtikes sxeseis? Ti paixnidia paizei h zwh me ta sunais8hmata mas kai giati?

• Sunh8ws, to sunais8hma ths agaphs den ufistatai apo mono tou, alla "sunodeuetai" apo alla, opws epeishs kai "apokleiei" pantelws thn uparksh kapoiwn allwn. Pws mporoume omws na proseggisoume auton ton "apokleismo" alla kai thn "sunodeia"? Poia sunais8hmata sugrouontai? Telika h agaph san sunais8hma einai allhloapokleiomeno h' allhlosugkrouomeno me kapoia alla?

[Oi apanthseis einai sxetika aples. Ola ta atoma opoiasdhpote koinwnias, se genikes grammes gnwrizoun kapoia pragmata oswn afora sthn agaph, apo filous, goneis, suggeneis, mme, proswpikh empeiria... Ara ola ta atoma aneksarthtws einai se 8esh na feroun apopsews.]

• Einai gegonos anamfhsvithto oti oloi oi an8rwpoi exoun apoluth kai amesh anagkh thn koinwnikothta, se anti8esh me ta zwa. O Aristotelhs, sta "Politika" tou, isxurizetai oti o an8rwpos einai apo thn fush tou "zwo politiko", ennowntas oti einai apo thn fush tou proorismenos na zei se koinwnia me allous an8rwpous. Mesa se auth thn koinwnia, opws alloste oloi gnwrizoume apo thn proswpikh mas peira, anaptussontai sxeseis kai desmoi, se megalo h' mikro ba8mo, paradeigmatos xarh sxeseis oikogeneiakes, filikes alla kai erwtikoi desmoi. Ta kritiria me ta opoia to atomo epilegei kapoio allo atomo apo ton koinoniko tou periguro, anti8etou h' idiou fulou, to opoio 8ewrei "kalutero", isws kai "teleio" gia na sunapsei sxesh (otan milame gia "sxesh" anaferomaste kuriws se erwtikh, kai dexomaste oti to "8emelio" uparkshs ths agaphs ara kata sunepeia kai ths erwtikhs sxeshs einai h oikogeneia kai oi filoi), diaferoun shmantika. Poikiloi paragontes loipon ephreazoun thn krish mas, thn kritikh mas, thn antidrash mas alla kai thn telikh mas apofash, oson afora sthn sunapsh h' oxi mias sxeshs. Tetoioi aksiologoi paragondes einai o proswpikos xarakthras, h paidia pou exei lavei to atomo toso apo to oikogeneiako tou perivallon kuriws, alla kai apo to sxoliko kai filiko tou perivallon se mikrotero va8mo, oi epirroes kai ta ere8ismata pou exei dextei apo to ekswteriko tou perivallon, h epoxh kai h perioxh sthn opoia zei, h antilipsh tou gia thn zwh kai alla. H zwh einai mia sunenwsh sunais8hmatwn, panta se sundiasmo twn parapanw proanafer8hsantwn paragontwn kai ths agaphs. Oso kai asunh8isto an akougetai, akoma kai h idia mas h zwh stirizetai panw sto pio polusizhtimeno sunais8hma ana ton kosmo-thn agaph. Emeis oi idioi apoteloume zwntano paradeigma agaphs twn gonewn mas, ara kata sunepeia kai tou sunais8hmatos ths agaphs pou enniw8an. Sunepws, h agaph paizei ka8oristiko rolo sthn zwh ka8e atomou, panta lamvanontas up'opshn kai kapoious katastalthkous paragontes oi opoioi diaferoun ais8hta ana atomo.

• Sigoura h agaph san ennoia sunais8hmatos den einai apo monh ths "apoluth". Sunuparxei kai sunapokleiei kapoia alla sunais8hmata. (Vevaia, prin katagrapsoume ta loipa sunais8hmata kai thn sxesh tous me thn agaph, prepei oposdhpote na lavoume up'opshn mas oti h agaph diaferei se polla atoma san ennoia. 8a prospa8hsoume na anafer8oume oso pio genika, xwris na apokleisoume ekseraiseis kai paradeigmata toso ths sunuparkshs oso kai tou apokleismou sunaus8hmatwn.) Se diaforetika atoma, h akroash ths lekshs "agaph", fernei automata sto nou kapoioes sunonumes alla kai antwnumes ennoies, opws: storgh, latreia, auto8usia, sevasmos, allhlokatanohsh, ikanopoihsh, en8ousiasmos, sumviwsh, sugkatoikish, prostateutikothta, tash gia veltiwsh, psuxikh kai swmatikh eudaimonia, pneumatikh oloklhrwsh, alla kai: apogohteush, ponos, luph, monaksia, apa8eia, apofugh, tash pessinismou, kata8lhpsh, ekneurismos kai alla polla. Se ka8e periptwsh, gegonos 8ewreitai h tautish ths ennoias ths agaphs me alles ennoies eite sunonimes eite antwnumes eite sunduasmos twn duo. Sigoura ka8e atomo, me vash pali kapoious paragontes oi opoioi diaferoun, "metafrazei" analoga thn agaph kai energei sthn zwh tou ston xwro ths agaphs me vash thn "metafrash" tou auth. Vevaia h metafrash auth diaferei ws pros thn hlikia tou atomou, ton xarakthra tou, thn psuxosun8esh tou, tis proswpikes tou empeiries, thn oikogeneiakh katastash tou (goneas h' paidi), thn paideia tou, ton tropo zwhs tou (ergasia, apasxolhsh, douleia, foithsh, sxoleio) thn 8ewrish tou gia thn zwh kai ta ere8hsmata pou exei dextei. Ara ousiastika 8a htan adunato na orisoume to an h agaph apokleiei h' sunuparxei me kapoies alles ennoies afou dexomaste san dedomeno thn diaforopoihsh tou ka8e atomou.